French CRS
(Republican Security Company)
- English Version -
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
(Sorry if there are errors in the meaning, word or
verb of the expressions).
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At the liberation of 1945, in France, a new force was born: the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS). In English : Republican Security Company. The strikes of 1947 will allow the CRS, coming from the World of the French National Police, to intervene and will use for the first time tear gas.
CRS throwing tear gas in May 1968
Tear gas was used in large quantities during the 1968 demonstrations.
CRS in a street of Paris in May 68
These demonstrations of May 68 brought a real reflection and methodologies in the maintenance and restoration of order.
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FRENCH VERSION
Street in Paris in may 1968
You can also see in this photo that the CRS had
the linear front methodology with their big round shields.
the linear front methodology with their big round shields.
Over the years, the outfit evolved, with intervention pants, rangers, Plexiglas visor on the helmets and rectangular shield.
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Currently, there are more than 60 companies of CRS of maintenance of order on the whole French territory and total 9.000 members for the maintenance of order.
(1 company has about 150 members)
They are divided into 7 zonal directions: Ile de France (8 companies) - North (5 companies) - West (9 companies) - South West (12 companies) - South (9 companies) - South East (7 companies) and East (11 companies)
Their members can be recognized in demonstrations thanks to the yellow stripes on their helmets and the CRS crest on the front of the helmet.
For several years, women have been present among the CRS,
among others among the officers.
among others among the officers.
FRENCH VERSION
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The Canadians did an investigation during the Summit of the Americas in 2001 on the categories of demonstrators : Whatever the country, the demonstrators are not homogeneous. They fall into several categories:
- The demonstrator who asks for permission to march and does not break anything.
- The pacifist who is less convenient,
- The adept of civil disobedience and sitting deliberately obstructing official ceremonies.
But it is on the fringe of these majority groups that
the "dangerous categories":
- First of all, the rioters, for whom the demonstration serves as an alibi;
the "dangerous categories":
- First of all, the rioters, for whom the demonstration serves as an alibi;
- Then the "black blocks", groups made up of autonomists and anarchists, better and better equipped.
However, the evolution of the increasingly dangerous violence during demonstrations and the search for contact with the police, pose a real reflection on the measures to be taken:
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Techniques exist in other Western countries,
in the supervision of demonstrations:
in the supervision of demonstrations:
GODIAC Project
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CSI and CRS receiving fireworks during a demonstration - Paris 2016
However, these techniques have their limits when faced with determined and violent people, as we have seen during demonstrations in recent years and other movements, where violent groups wanting to fight with the forces of order.
Shortly before the 2017 presidential elections, individuals were throwing flaming shopping carts,
as well as Molotov Cocktails.
To repel protesters, CRS use LDB 40s which have a useful range of 10 to 50 meters, and allows for better aiming and longer range shooting. There is no use of the "Tazer" in law enforcement with the risk of hitting children in the crowd. However, several members of the law enforcement agencies are equipped with "Tazer". It is reserved for cases of self-defense or resistance to an arrest.
Pump truck - France
11/06/2016 - Marseille
or violent people as during the Euro 2016 when drunken supporters attacked other supporters.
Use of riot truck to keep away violent demonstrators
in Nantes on 14/04/18
They were also seen in action during violent protests in Nantes in April 2018.
in Nantes on 14/04/18
These old techniques are increasingly deployed, as here with water hoses.
Indeed, in the 1930s, firefighters would hose down protesters with their fire hoses connected to street hydrants...
These actions are a response to these violent people and are part of the French doctrine of the Maintenance of order: Keep the demonstrators at a distance, avoid hurting as much as possible...
The places of intervention of the CRS are rather urban,
CRS on the zone of SIVENS - 2014
but they can intervene in support of the French Mobile Gendarmes during operations requiring numerous human resources.
Cordon of CRS and Mobile Gendarmes to separate 2 opposing groups of protesters.
The need to coordinate with the mobile gendarmes (EGM), as well as with the Compagnies de Sécurisation et d'Intervention de la Police Nationale (CSI) allows for complementarity in the techniques of maintaining and restoring order.
Similarly, they support the Compagnies de Sécurisation et d'Intervention (CSI) of the National Police.
The CRS also have a section in their company
to counter a risk of mass terrorist attack near the demonstrations:
- English Version -
A Rapid Support Force composed of CRS has been created to deal with the most serious disturbances and urban violence. This is in order to respond to violent events in the spring of 2020, such as in Dijon, with a confrontation between individuals from a neighborhood and Chechens, or in Nanterre and Villeneuve la Garenne, after a motorcycle accident involving a police car.
Seven units have been set up, the first of which has been effective since the summer of 2021. 
Thereafter, the seven trained units will be distributed in the seven defense zones in Metropolitan France. 
to counter a risk of mass terrorist attack near the demonstrations:
Seven units have been set up, the first of which has been effective since the summer of 2021.
The first unit of this Rapid Support Force (FAR) is composed of 200 CRS, divided into two groups that will take turns from week to week. They can be mobilized in 15 minutes, 7 days a week and 24 hours a day.
Illustration image of a CRS truck created for a video game "GTA5
They are trained and equipped with special means with a new anti-fire and anti-acid uniform, lighter helmet, small vehicles, as well as fast 4X4 that can cross barricades...
Vans of the FAR of the CRS 8
On Wednesday, August 04, 2021, the first intervention of a FAR unit took place in Nantes, with the arrival of about sixty CRS from Company 8, based in Bièvres, following several shootings in so-called "sensitive" neighborhoods of the Nantes agglomeration.
- The CRS vehicles -
Over time, vehicles have always had a vocation to move and deploy quickly, like the Renault Galion in the 1960s.
Then classic vans,
As well as converted coaches.
Their latest vans allow them to install grids in the front
to make a wall to block a street
to make a wall to block a street
and protect them.
Their vehicles are changed regularly because of the great number of kilometers covered to intervene in all the cities of France.
Without forgetting the bus.
The deployment of pump trucks or sprinklers are more and more used.
However, there are far fewer of them to deal with the demonstrators, as in Germany or Belgium.
Video of this CRS pump truck
Presentation of the new Renault CRS truck in December 2016
The recent reception of other riot control vehicles indicates the will to manage demonstrations differently.
The recent reception of other riot control vehicles indicates the will to manage demonstrations differently.
Anti-riot CRS truck in Lille in June 2016
Already during the Euro 2016, some had been deployed in some cities.
Already during the Euro 2016, some had been deployed in some cities.
They are deployed during major risks of outbursts, as here on March 31, 2018, in Nantes, facing zadists of Notre Dame des Landes.
The Minister of the Interior, Gérard COLLOMB, in St Astier, on 08/06/18
The Minister of the Interior, Gérard COLLOMB, exposed, on June 08, 2018, at the Gendarmerie's St Astier Training Center, the law enforcement doctrine to be adopted during upcoming interventions:
Developed on the basis of RETEX (Return of Experiences) of four major operations carried out in recent months (Bure, Notre Dame des Landes, Management of movements in universities in May 2018 and the demonstration of May 1, 2018), the doctrine evolves around a major axis:
The judicialization of troublemakers
Developed on the basis of RETEX (Return of Experiences) of four major operations carried out in recent months (Bure, Notre Dame des Landes, Management of movements in universities in May 2018 and the demonstration of May 1, 2018), the doctrine evolves around a major axis:
The judicialization of troublemakers
Vidéo de cette visite du 08/06/2018
CRS lors de l'évacuation de l'Université de Tolbiac à Paris le 20/04/18
Three principles will be taken into account:
1- Better prepare and anticipate public order maneuvers
2- Guarantee the full and complete application of the law
3- Better explain and communicate
on the meaning of the action undertaken.
CSI and CRS facing Yellow Vests demonstrators e 24/11/18 on the Champs Elysées in Paris
However the riots which occurred, in margin of demonstrations known as "Yellow Vests"
on 24/11/18 and 01/12/18 in Champs Elysées, or elsewhere in France,
impose a new reflection on this type of extremely violent
demonstrations:
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VBRG clearing a small barricade in Paris on 08/12/18
This
followed changes in the modus operandi during the protests in France on
Saturday, December 08, 2018, spreading over the entire territory more
than 89,000 gendarmes and police. For information, 100 Mobile Gendarmerie Squadrons out of 109 and 55 Companies of CRS out of 60 were mobilized.
Mobile gendarmes in Bordeaux facing violent people on 08/12/18
A
better adaptation of the manpower and dynamic movements were carried
out to prevent the rioters from positioning themselves in defensive
situation.
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Motorcyclists of the Republican Guard during a reinforcement for the BRAV-M on 20/04/19
Since April 20, 2019, "BRAV-Ms"
have been put in place. These are motorcycle pairs that allow the rapid
deployment of Law Enforcement Forces in violent locations that can
support CSI :
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French military crowd control demonstration in September 2009 in Saumur
To know that the French Army trains some of its units in Crowd and Riot Control (CRC).
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